The bigger the starting push or pull, the bigger the wave that spreads out. In the same way, an object makes a louder sound if its vibrations are large than if they are small.
A sound wave will continue to bounce around a room, or reverberate, until it has lost all its energy.
Air absorbs high frequencies more easily than low. By the time thunder reaches you, all the high pitches are lost and only the low ones can be heard.
The best absorptive material is full of holes that sound waves can bounce around in and lose energy.
Diffraction uses the edges of a barrier as a secondary sound source that sends waves in a new direction.
These secondary waves overlap and interfere with each other and the original waves, making the sound less clear.
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